IndexOptimize is the SQL Server Maintenance Solution’s stored procedure for rebuilding and reorganizing indexes and updating statistics. IndexOptimize is supported on SQL Server 2008, SQL Server 2008 R2, SQL Server 2012, SQL Server 2014, SQL Server 2016, SQL Server 2017, SQL Server 2019, SQL Server 2022, Azure SQL Database, and Azure SQL Managed Instance.
Download
Download MaintenanceSolution.sql. This script creates all the objects and jobs that you need. You can also download the objects as separate scripts. The SQL Server Maintenance Solution is available on GitHub.
License
The SQL Server Maintenance Solution is free.
Parameters
Databases
Select databases. The keywords SYSTEM_DATABASES, USER_DATABASES, ALL_DATABASES, and AVAILABILITY_GROUP_DATABASES are supported. The hyphen character (-) is used to exclude databases, and the percent character (%) is used for wildcard selection. All of these operations can be combined by using the comma (,).
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| SYSTEM_DATABASES | All system databases (master, msdb, and model) |
| USER_DATABASES | All user databases |
| ALL_DATABASES | All databases |
| AVAILABILITY_GROUP_DATABASES | All databases in availability groups |
| USER_DATABASES, -AVAILABILITY_GROUP_DATABASES | All user databases that are not in availability groups |
| Db1 | The database Db1 |
| Db1, Db2 | The databases Db1 and Db2 |
| USER_DATABASES, -Db1 | All user databases, except Db1 |
| %Db% | All databases that have “Db” in the name |
| %Db%, -Db1 | All databases that have “Db” in the name, except Db1 |
| ALL_DATABASES, -%Db% | All databases that do not have “Db” in the name |
FragmentationLow
Specify index maintenance operations to be performed on a low-fragmented index.
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| INDEX_REBUILD_ONLINE | Rebuild index online. |
| INDEX_REBUILD_OFFLINE | Rebuild index offline. |
| INDEX_REORGANIZE | Reorganize index. |
| INDEX_REBUILD_ONLINE,INDEX_REBUILD_OFFLINE | Rebuild index online. Rebuild index offline if online rebuilding is not supported on an index. |
| INDEX_REBUILD_ONLINE,INDEX_REORGANIZE | Rebuild index online. Reorganize index if online rebuilding is not supported on an index. |
| INDEX_REORGANIZE,INDEX_REBUILD_ONLINE,INDEX_REBUILD_OFFLINE | Reorganize index. Rebuild index online if reorganizing is not supported on an index. Rebuild index offline if reorganizing and online rebuilding are not supported on an index. |
| NULL | Do not perform index maintenance. This is the default for a low-fragmented index. |
An online index rebuild or an index reorganization is not always possible. Because of this, you can specify multiple index-maintenance operations for each fragmentation group. These operations are prioritized from left to right: If the first operation is supported for the index, then that operation is used; if the first operation is not supported, then the second operation is used (if supported), and so on. If none of the specified operations are supported for an index, then that index is not maintained.
IndexOptimize uses the SQL Server ALTER INDEX command: REBUILD WITH (ONLINE = ON) to rebuild indexes online, REBUILD WITH (ONLINE = OFF) to rebuild indexes offline, and REORGANIZE to reorganize indexes.
FragmentationMedium
Specify index maintenance operations to be performed on a medium-fragmented index.
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| INDEX_REBUILD_ONLINE | Rebuild index online. |
| INDEX_REBUILD_OFFLINE | Rebuild index offline. |
| INDEX_REORGANIZE | Reorganize index. |
| INDEX_REBUILD_ONLINE,INDEX_REBUILD_OFFLINE | Rebuild index online. Rebuild index offline if online rebuilding is not supported on an index. |
| INDEX_REBUILD_ONLINE,INDEX_REORGANIZE | Rebuild index online. Reorganize index if online rebuilding is not supported on an index. |
| INDEX_REORGANIZE,INDEX_REBUILD_ONLINE,INDEX_REBUILD_OFFLINE | Reorganize index. Rebuild index online if reorganizing is not supported on an index. Rebuild index offline if reorganizing and online rebuilding are not supported on an index. This is the default for a medium-fragmented index. |
| NULL | Do not perform index maintenance. |
An online index rebuild or an index reorganization is not always possible. Because of this, you can specify multiple index-maintenance operations for each fragmentation group. These operations are prioritized from left to right: If the first operation is supported for the index, then that operation is used; if the first operation is not supported, then the second operation is used (if supported), and so on. If none of the specified operations are supported for an index, then that index is not maintained.
IndexOptimize uses the SQL Server ALTER INDEX command: REBUILD WITH (ONLINE = ON) to rebuild indexes online, REBUILD WITH (ONLINE = OFF) to rebuild indexes offline, and REORGANIZE to reorganize indexes.
FragmentationHigh
Specify index maintenance operations to be performed on a high-fragmented index.
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| INDEX_REBUILD_ONLINE | Rebuild index online. |
| INDEX_REBUILD_OFFLINE | Rebuild index offline. |
| INDEX_REORGANIZE | Reorganize index. |
| INDEX_REBUILD_ONLINE,INDEX_REBUILD_OFFLINE | Rebuild index online. Rebuild index offline if online rebuilding is not supported on an index. This is the default for a high-fragmented index. |
| INDEX_REBUILD_ONLINE,INDEX_REORGANIZE | Rebuild index online. Reorganize index if online rebuilding is not supported on an index. |
| INDEX_REORGANIZE,INDEX_REBUILD_ONLINE,INDEX_REBUILD_OFFLINE | Reorganize index. Rebuild index online if reorganizing is not supported on an index. Rebuild index offline if reorganizing and online rebuilding are not supported on an index. |
| NULL | Do not perform index maintenance. |
An online index rebuild or an index reorganization is not always possible. Because of this, you can specify multiple index-maintenance operations for each fragmentation group. These operations are prioritized from left to right: If the first operation is supported for the index, then that operation is used; if the first operation is not supported, then the second operation is used (if supported), and so on. If none of the specified operations are supported for an index, then that index is not maintained.
IndexOptimize uses the SQL Server ALTER INDEX command: REBUILD WITH (ONLINE = ON) to rebuild indexes online, REBUILD WITH (ONLINE = OFF) to rebuild indexes offline, and REORGANIZE to reorganize indexes.
FragmentationLevel1
Set the lower limit, as a percentage, for medium fragmentation. The default is 5 percent. This is based on Microsoft’s recommendation in Books Online.
IndexOptimize checks avg_fragmentation_in_percent in sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats to determine the fragmentation.
FragmentationLevel2
Set the lower limit, as a percentage, for high fragmentation. The default is 30 percent. This is based on Microsoft’s recommendation in Books Online.
IndexOptimize checks avg_fragmentation_in_percent in sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats to determine the fragmentation.
MinNumberOfPages
Set a size, in pages; indexes with fewer number of pages are skipped for index maintenance. The default is 1000 pages. This is based on Microsoft’s recommendation.
IndexOptimize checks page_count in sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats to determine the size of the index.
MaxNumberOfPages
Set a size, in pages; indexes with greater number of pages are skipped for index maintenance. The default is no limitation.
IndexOptimize checks page_count in sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats to determine the size of the index.
SortInTempdb
Use tempdb for sort operations when rebuilding indexes.
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| Y | Use tempdb for sort operations when rebuilding indexes. |
| N | Do not use tempdb for sort operations when rebuilding indexes. This is the default. |
The SortInTempdb option in IndexOptimize uses the SORT_IN_TEMPDB option in the SQL Server ALTER INDEX command.
MaxDOP
Specify the number of CPUs to use when rebuilding indexes. If this number is not specified, the global maximum degree of parallelism is used.
The MaxDOP option in IndexOptimize uses the MAXDOP option in the SQL Server ALTER INDEX command.
FillFactor
Indicate, as a percentage, how full the pages should be made when rebuilding indexes. If a percentage is not specified, the fill factor in sys.indexes is used.
The FillFactor option in IndexOptimize uses the FILLFACTOR option in the SQL Server ALTER INDEX command.
PadIndex
Apply the percentage of free space that the fill factor specifies to the intermediate-level pages of the index.
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| Y | Apply the percentage of free space that the fill factor specifies to the intermediate-level pages of the index. |
| N | The intermediate-level pages of the index are filled to near capacity. This is the default. |
The PadIndex option in IndexOptimize uses the PADINDEX option in the SQL Server ALTER INDEX command.
LOBCompaction
Compact pages that contain large object (LOB) columns, when reorganizing indexes.
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| Y | Compact pages that contain LOB columns, when reorganizing indexes. This is the default. |
| N | Do not compact pages that contain LOB columns, when reorganizing indexes. |
The LOBCompaction option in IndexOptimize uses the LOB_COMPACTION option in the SQL Server ALTER INDEX command.
UpdateStatistics
Update statistics.
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| ALL | Update index and column statistics. |
| INDEX | Update index statistics. |
| COLUMNS | Update column statistics. |
| NULL | Do not perform statistics maintenance. This is the default. |
IndexOptimize uses the SQL Server UPDATE STATISTICS command to update statistics.
OnlyModifiedStatistics
Update statistics only if any rows have been modified since the most recent statistics update.
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| Y | Update statistics only if any rows have been modified since the most recent statistics update. |
| N | Update statistics regardless of whether any rows have been modified. |
IndexOptimize checks modification_counter in sys.dm_db_stats_properties, in SQL Server 2008 R2 starting with Service Pack 2 and in SQL Server 2012 starting with Service Pack 1. In earlier versions it checks rowmodctr in sys.sysindexes. For incremental statistics it checks modification_counter in sys.dm_db_incremental_stats_properties.
StatisticsModificationLevel
Specify a percentage of modified rows for when the statistics should be updated. Statistics will also be updated when the number of modified rows has reached a decreasing, dynamic threshold, SQRT(number of rows * 1000).
IndexOptimize checks the columns modification_counter and rows in sys.dm_db_stats_properties, in SQL Server 2008 R2 starting with Service Pack 2 and in SQL Server 2012 starting with Service Pack 1. In earlier versions it checks the columns rowmodctr and rowcnt in sys.sysindexes. For incremental statistics it checks the columns modification_counter and rows in sys.dm_db_incremental_stats_properties.
StatisticsSample
Indicate, as a percentage, how much of a table is gathered when updating statistics. A value of 100 is equivalent to a full scan. If no value is specified, then SQL Server automatically computes the required sample.
The StatisticsSample option in IndexOptimize uses the SAMPLE and FULLSCAN options in the SQL Server UPDATE STATISTICS command.
StatisticsResample
Update statistics with the most recent sample.
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| Y | Update statistics with the most recent sample. |
| N | Let SQL Server automatically compute the required sample. This is the default. |
The StatisticsResample option in IndexOptimize uses the RESAMPLE option in the SQL Server UPDATE STATISTICS command.
You cannot combine the options StatisticsSample and StatisticsResample.
PartitionLevel
Maintain partitioned indexes on the partition level. If this parameter is set to Y, the fragmentation level and page count is checked for each partition. The appropriate index maintenance (reorganize or rebuild) is then performed for each partition.
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| Y | Maintain partitioned indexes on the partition level. This is the default. |
| N | Maintain partitioned indexes on the index level. |
MSShippedObjects
Maintain indexes and statistics on objects that are created by internal SQL Server components.
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| Y | Maintain indexes and statistics on objects that are created by internal SQL Server components. |
| N | Do not maintain indexes and statistics on objects that are created by internal SQL Server components. This is the default. |
IndexOptimize checks is_ms_shipped in sys.objects to determine whether an object was created by an internal SQL Server component.
Indexes
Select indexes. If this parameter is not specified, all indexes are selected. The ALL_INDEXES keyword is supported. The hyphen character (-) is used to exclude indexes, and the percent character (%) is used for wildcard selection. All these operations can be combined by using the comma (,).
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| ALL_INDEXES | All indexes |
| Db1.Schema1.Tbl1.Idx1 | The index Idx1 on the object Schema1.Tbl1 in the database Db1 |
| Db1.Schema1.Tbl1.Idx1, Db2.Schema2.Tbl2.Idx2 | The index Idx1 on the object Schema1.Tbl1 in the database Db1 and the index Idx2 on the object Schema2.Tbl2 in the database Db2 |
| Db1.Schema1.Tbl1 | All indexes on the object Schema1.Tbl1 in the database Db1 |
| Db1.Schema1.Tbl1, Db2.Schema2.Tbl2 | All indexes on the object Schema1.Tbl1 in the database Db1 and all indexes on the object Schema2.Tbl2 in the database Db2 |
| Db1.Schema1.% | All indexes in the schema Schema1 in the database Db1 |
| %.Schema1.% | All indexes in the schema Schema1 in all databases |
| ALL_INDEXES, -Db1.Schema1.Tbl1.Idx1 | All indexes except the index Idx1 on the object Schema1.Tbl1 in the database Db1 |
| ALL_INDEXES, -Db1.Schema1.Tbl1 | All indexes except indexes on the object Schema1.Tbl1 in the database Db1 |
TimeLimit
Set the time, in seconds, after which no commands are executed. By default, the time is not limited.
Delay
Set the delay, in seconds, between index commands. By default, there is no delay.
WaitAtLowPriorityMaxDuration
The time, in minutes that an online index rebuild operation will wait for low priority locks.
The WaitAtLowPriorityMaxDuration option in IndexOptimize uses the WAIT_AT_LOW_PRIORITY and MAX_DURATION options in the SQL Server ALTER INDEX command.
WaitAtLowPriorityAbortAfterWait
The action that will be performed after an online index rebuild operation has been waiting for low priority locks.
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| NONE | Continue waiting for locks with normal priority. |
| SELF | Abort the online index rebuild operation. |
| BLOCKERS | Kill user transactions that block the online index rebuild operation. |
The WaitAtLowPriorityAbortAfterWait option in IndexOptimize uses the WAIT_AT_LOW_PRIORITY and ABORT_AFTER_WAIT options in the SQL Server ALTER INDEX command.
Resumable
Specify whether an online index operation is resumable.
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| Y | Index operation is resumable. |
| N | Index operation is not resumable. This is the default. |
The Resumable option in IndexOptimize uses the RESUMABLE option in the SQL Server ALTER INDEX command.
AvailabilityGroups
Select availability groups. The keyword ALL_AVAILABILITY_GROUPS is supported. The hyphen character (-) is used to exclude availability groups, and the percent character (%) is used for wildcard selection. All of these operations can be combined by using the comma (,).